RESEARCH ARTICLE


Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 Strains Among the Injecting Drug Users in Nagaland, India



Roni Sarkar, Reshmi Pal, Baishali Bal, Ranajoy Mullick, Satarupa Sengupta, Kamalesh Sarkar, Sekhar Chakrabarti*
HIV/AIDS Laboratory, Division of Virology & Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India

Article Information


Identifiers and Pagination:

Year: 2011
Volume: 5
First Page: 96
Last Page: 102
Publisher Id: TOVJ-5-96
DOI: 10.2174/1874357901105010096

Article History:

Received Date: 22/2/2011
Revision Received Date: 19/4/2011
Acceptance Date: 20/4/2011
Electronic publication date: 15/7/2011
Collection year: 2011

© Sarkar et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Calcutta-700010, India; Tel: 91-33-2370 1176; Fax: 91-33-2370 5066; E-mail: drsekharchakrabarti@yahoo.co.in


Abstract

Global HIV-1 surveillance has led to the detection of its new recombinant forms. This study was carried out for the first time to elucidate the genetic characterization and evolutionary relationship of HIV-1 strains among injecting drug users of Nagaland, northeastern India. A total of 156 injecting drug users participated in this study voluntarily. Among them 18 were seropositive for HIV-1 (11.5%).

The Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) of HIV-1 based on p24-p7 region of gag gene and C2-V3 region of env gene revealed 11 samples to be subtype C (gag/env), 1 sample as subtype B (gag/env) and 6 samples to be recombinants between subtype C and B. Also, the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of gag (p24-p7) and env (C2-V3) genes from eighteen samples of Nagaland IDUs with different global HIV-1 strains showed the presence of Indian, African, Thai and their recombinant forms. However, more recombinant strains based on different genomic regions of HIV-1 were detected using Multiregional Hybridization Assay (MHA) where 8 out of 18 samples were found to be recombinants between subtype C and B. Thus, multiregional hybridization assay along with heteroduplex mobility assay can serve as an efficient tool in the characterization of recombination pattern among the newly emerging HIV-1 recombinants.

Keywords: Injecting drug users, nagaland, multiregional hybridization assay, phylogenetic analysis, heteroduplex mobility assay..