Prof. Laurent Andréoletti obtained his Doctor of Philosophy degree (1994) in Medicine from the University of Lille, France. He is currently Head of the Virology Unit and EA4684 Cardiovir research team at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France. His skills and expertise mainly lie in the subject areas of PCR, Cell Culture, DNA, RNA, Sequencing, Microbiology, Immunology of Infectious Diseases, HIV, Antibodies, Real-Time PCR, Viral Infection, Virology, and Vaccination. Prof. Andréoletti has authored/co-authored over 125 article publications, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. more than 2,240.

Dr. A. Cid Arregui obtained his doctorate in Medicine (MD) and Molecular Biology (PhD) at the Autonomous University of Madrid and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg. Dr. Arregui has more than 20 years of research experience in the field of cancer associated with human Papillomaviruses. Dr. Arregui is currently a group leader in the Tumor Immunology department of the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany.

Dr. Imadeldin Elamin Eltahir obtained PhD in Molecular Virology from University of California, Davis. He is presently serving as a Dean Faculty of veterinary Medicine at the University of Khartoum. He has been recognized with many awards and honors such as University of Khartoum prize for the best student in Chemistry, The University of Khartoum Research Award (2010), Award of The State Prize in Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Republic of The Sudan (2001) and award of Order of Science and Arts, First Grade. He has contributed more than 200 publications, having citations around 1128.

Dr. Nafees Ahmad is Professor of Immunobiology and Director of Immunity and Infection at the College of Medicine, University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. He obtained his undergraduate and postgraduate education from the Aligarh Muslim University, India and doctorate from the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and Aligarh Muslim University, India. He completed his postdoctoral fellowship in HIV/AIDS from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. His research has focused on mechanisms of HIV immunopathogenesis in younger and older HIV-infected patients, including the aging of the immune system. We are investigating the mechanisms of differential HIV-1 infection in younger and older populations, including the role of viral and host factors and dysregulation of T cell functions. These viral, host and immune factors may be targeted for developing new strategies for treatment and prevention of HIV infection.

Professor M. John Albert at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait. His area of work is etiology and pathogenesis of enteric microbial infections. He has interest in viral agents causing diarrhea. He has over 300 publications including primary journal articles, reviews and book chapters.

Andrea Cara (PhD) is a Researcher at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Rome, Italy, and holds a Research Scholar position in the Department of Medicine at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. During his career, he spent seven years at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, MD, and three years at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. He has authored more than 80 manuscripts.

Dr. Maria Luisa Calabrò is a senior investigator at the Unit of Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy. Since 1997, she has studied HHV8 seroprevalence, transmission modalities, in vitro infection systems, preclinical models of HHV8-induced lymphomagenesis, and the role of mesothelial cells and EMT in primary effusion lymphoma pathogenesis. She is presently studying the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic conversion of HTLV-1-immortalized T-cells. Dr. Calabrò, as an author/co-author, has published more than 45 articles in various journals, having total number of citations of over 1,120.

Dr. Remi Charrel, MD and PhD. He is currently working in clinical microbiology hospital laboratory and is also the deputy-director of the "Unite des Virus Emergents" at Aix Marseille University, a founding research laboratory of the University Hospital Institute Mediterranée Infection. He was trained in Aix Marseille Medical School and went for 2 years for post-doctoral fellowship in the WHO Reference Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas. He is the author of >200 peer-reviewed articles, 21 book chapters. He is deputy director of the Virology Research Unit at Aix Marseille University. He is a specialist in vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, as well as respiratory viral infections.

Mario (Mago) Clerici graduated from medical school at the University of Milano and trained for more than 6 years at the NIH in Bethesda; in the meantime he received a PhD in internal medicine. He became an associate professor of Immunology at the University of Milano in 1993 and was promoted to full professor in 1999. Since 2009 he coordinates the research of the Don Gnocchi Foundation, and since 2008 he directs the PhD School in Molecular and Translational Medicine at the University of Milano. He authored more than 500 papers (>30,000 citations; H index=80), has been awarded National and International prizes, is a knight of the Italian Republic, and an ISI highly cited scientist (http://www.highlycited.com).

Dr. Das is Chairman & Hargobind Khorana Chair Professor at Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India. He has more than 35 years of experience in research, drug discovery and teaching in molecular oncology, tumor virology, human genetics and stem cell biology. He worked several years with Nobel Laureate Harald zur Hausen at DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany. Dr. Das served as Founder Director of ICPO of ICMR and later as Director of ACBR at University of Delhi, India. Dr. Das is a UICC Fellow, served as WHO experts, received several awards and Fellow of all national science and medical academies. He has more than 200 research publications that include Nature, Lancet, 3 patents and guided 36 Ph.D. and 79 MD/MS/DNB/DM students for their degrees.

I was trained in Molecular Virology in Paris VI University. I have been conducting research projects in the field of Human Papillomaviruses, focusing on the roles of the E2 regulatory protein in HPV infection. I then developed comparative interactomic strategies, to map E2-host interactions contributing to viral pathogenicity. Since 2013, I am applying comparative interactomics approaches to Influenza A viruses, focusing on the Influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of low to high virulence strains. My current research topics address the interplay of the viral polymerase with the host Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS).

Dr Kuldeep Dhama is working as Principal Scientist in the Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India. With 25 years of research and teaching experience in the areas of immunology, microbiology and virology, Dr Dhama has developed several diagnostics, vaccines, immunomodulatory modules and hypothesis to counter infectious diseases of animals, poultry and public health concerns. As an eminent researcher, he has handled 20 Research Projects and Guided 17 MVSc/PhD scholars. He has to his credit 550 publications in scientific journals and authored 06 books, honored with 50 Best Paper Awards and other high recognitions. Recently, he has been recognized as a highly prolific author (extremely productive) in “Nature” journal publication. He worked as Nodal Officer, WTO; and Member, Wildlife Health Specialist Group (IUCN).

William Dundon received his primary and PhD degrees from the Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. He has over 25 years years of experience in research based activities both in the public and private sectors which have included the OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza (Padova, Italy), Columbia University (New York, USA), Pasteur Institute (Lille, France), and the University of Padova, (Italy). During this time, Dr Dundon’s work has included research on infectious diseases of both human and animal importance such as Avian influenza, Rabies, Newcastle disease, Helicobacter pylori and Poliovirus using molecular biological, epidemiological and diagnostic techniques. He has published over 40 peer-reviewed publications to date. Dr Dundon is currently working as an expert consultant for the Animal Production and Health Laboratory of the FAO/IAEA Joint division focusing primarily on the molecular epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants.

Dr. Louis Flamand, Ph.D., M.B.A., is Full Professor and Vice-Chair of the Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology Department at the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada, and Senior Researcher in the Infectious and Immune Disease Division at the CHU de Quebec Research Center. Since 2008, he is President of the Biohazards Risk Committee at Université Laval. For the past 25 years, this fundamentalist researcher actively studies various aspects of HHV-6 biology and pathogenesis. His current interest lies in the biology of inherited chromosomally-integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6) with emphasis on viral integration mechanisms and medical consequences associated with ciHHV-6. He is the author of more than 80 peer-reviewed publications.

Georges Herbein obtained his MD at the Strasbourg Medical School in 1991 and his PhD in Virology at the Oxford University/Strasbourg University in 1993. From 1991-1993, he was an INSERM/ALLIANCE fellow in the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the Oxford University From 1993 to 1995. Dr. Herbein was an Assistant Professor at the Department of Clinical Virology at the Strasbourg Medical School Hospital. From 1995 to 1997, he held a staff scientist position at the Picower Institute for Medical Research at Manhasset, New York. From 1997-2001, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. He is currently a Professor of Virology and the Director of the laboratory Pathogens & Inflammation at the University of Franche-Comté, Besancon, France. Pr. Herbein is currently a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. He has produced more than 100 peer-reviewed original scientific papers and chapters in learned textbooks. He is the editor of the book HIV and The Macrophage. Prof. Herbein’s research interest is the pathogenesis of viral infections with special emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, macrophages, and proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha. Recently, Pr. Herbein has been involved in research on viruses and cancer. He is also the recipient of numerous awards.

Prof. Huleihel is a senior lecturer and scientist in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. He has over 30 years of experience in scientific research and discovery in the fields of virology and molecular biology. He has published more than 130 scientific publications and is a named inventor of 3 issued patents. His studies focused on examining antiviral activities of natural products and other molecular aspects of different viruses including herpes viruses and retroviruses.

Dr. Kandeil is a researcher in molecular virology at Center of Scientific Excellence for influenza viruses, National Research Centre, Egypt. He obtained his master’s degree in virology in 2009.He started his PhD at Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Egypt on 2011. He is interested to develop several forms of influenza vaccines. He received the Shield of Excellence and Certificate of Merit from Egyptian National Research Centre for production of the first influenza vaccine against avian influenza virus (H5N1) 2012. He has also received the award of the best scientific publications for young researchers and state encouraging award in advanced technological science, Egyptian Academy of Scientific Researches, in 2012. I participated in several national and international projects funded by NIH, FAO, STDF and NRC. He has authored 35 peer reviewed paper that cited more than 700 times.

Dr. Kaye is Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and Associate Physician at Brigham And Women's Hospital. Dr. Kaye’s research investigates the association between viruses and human malignancy. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) has a causative role in Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphomas and multicentric Castleman's disease, an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder. The goal of Dr. Kaye’s work is to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which KSHV exerts tumorigenic effects on cells.

DR. ORLANDO SAMUEL MIÑO obtained PhD in Veterinary Science (Virology) from Faculty of Veterinary Sciences in Buenos Aires University. He is presently a Researcher of Diarrheic virus in animals at Virology Institute Aires, Argentina. He has more than 10 year experience in an equine infectious disease diagnostic laboratory working in diagnostic test for equine Arteritis, Herpes virus, Influenza virus, WNV, Diarrhea viruses and others pathogens that the specific situation required.

Professor at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Areas of research encompass epidemiology, molecular biology, vaccines and diagnostics, and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of rotavirus and enteroviruses. Scientific contributions include isolation of novel human-bovine reassortant rotaviruses and development of a live attenuated rotavirus vaccine candidate, determination of the new pentameric structure of rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4, and its function; analysis of nonpolio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis, the first conclusive demonstration of association of non-polio enteroviruses with acute and persistent diarrhea in children, development of a newborn mouse model for enterovirus diarrhea, and enterovirus association with non-diarrheal Increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND).

Dr. Imran Shahid is an assistant Professor at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia where his research is focused on the broad areas of host-virus networks in HCV disease progression as well as host-virus genes expression during oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is also enthusiastically involved in the studies of HCV infection biology, Cell signaling pathways and genome heterogeneity in the Saudi population. He was trained from center of excellence in molecular biology, University of the Punjab; Lahore, Pakistan where he worked on anti- mRNA based treatment strategies against hepatitis C virus 1a genotype in Pakistani population.

Vaibhav Tiwari received his PhD in Biotechnology from the Banaras Hindu University (India). He is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Microbiology & Immunology at Midwestern University, Illinois. His area of interest include understanding the molecular mechanism of herpes virus entry and associated inflammation. His scientific contribution includes the characterization of heparan sulfate (HS) modifying enzyme 3-O sulfotransferase (3-OST) isoforms for herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry, discovery of a novel phagocytic mode of HSV entry and the generation of peptides using phage display library screening against HS and 3-O sulfated HS (3-OS HS) to develop viral entry inhibitors. In addition, his work further demonstrated the structural-functional similarities between the human and zebrafish for certain 3-OST isoforms in supporting HSV entry and spread. The future goal of Dr. Tiwari’s work is to have better understanding regarding the molecular mechanism by which HS and 3-OS HS supports both viral entry and triggers the inflammatory response to damage host cell.

Dr. Sheng-Fan (David) Wang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. His major training involves virology, immunology and biotechnology. His study interests are major on emerging or re-emerging infectious disease as well as how these microbes interact with the host. Currently, he has studied several viruses, including HIV-1, SARS-Coronavirus, Enterovirus, Avian Influenza virus, Dengue and Zika virus. Furthermore, he participates in the glycolmedical study of the role of galectins (Beta-Galactoside -Binding Lectins) in virus diseases and immune regulation.

Dr. Arsenakis Minas received his B.Sc. (hons) from La Trobe University (Melbourne Αustralia) in 1978 and Ph.D. from La Trobe University (Melbourne Australia) in 1982. Currently, he is professor of the School of Biology of Aristotle in University of Thessaloniki and director of the laboratory of General Microbiology. He has around 90 scientific publications to his credit. He has received various awards and scholarships for his contributions over the years including Australian Government Postgraduate award, Greek-Australian Society award in the biomedical sciences, Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell Postdoctoral award, and Leukemia Research Foundation Postdoctoral award.

Dr. Ayyavoo, Velpandi obtained her M.S. in Zoology (1983) and Ph.D. in Microbiology (1991) from Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India. Her post-doctoral study was in the field of Molecular Virology from Wistar Institute and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Currently, she is Professor of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology in University of Pittsburgh, PA and also an Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Ayyavoo has received numerous honors and awards for her scientific contributions over the years. She has published more then 65 scientific publications in the field of molecular virology.

Dr. Udeni Balasuriya obtained his Ph.D. degree (1996) in comparative pathology and molecular virology from the University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA. Since 2011, Dr. Balasuriya is Professor of Virology, Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. His main areas of research interest include immunology, microbiology, pathology, and virology. He, as an author/co-author, has published more than 120 articles in various journals, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. over 2,485.

Dr. Lindsay W. Black was trained as a biochemist-molecular biologist as a graduate student in the laboratory of David Hogness (then working on lambda phage) in the biochemistry department of Arthur Kornberg in the Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA. She has maintained her interest in the prokaryotic problems that she was introduced to in both of the eminent training centers where she completed her training (Stanford Medical School and University of Geneva). Her research program has been supported for over 30 years by NIH, and, during this period, she has received an NIH Merit Award. Dr. Black is currently working in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Dr. John Burand obtained his M.S. degree from Miami University (Oxford, OH, USA) in 1974, and his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from Washington State University (Pullman, WA, USA) in 1979. His research areas include the use of viruses as bionanoparticles for the delivery of biologically active materials, including DNA, RNA and proteins. He has authored/co-authored over 55 research items and his major research includes the following: Future in insect management. J Invertebr Pathol, Analysis of the genome of the sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2.Viruses. 4(1):28-61.

Dr. Shiu-Wan Chan, Ph.D., is currently a lecturer in the Faculty of Life Sciences, affiliated with the Microbiology research group, at The University of Manchester, UK. After obtaining her Ph.D. in Molecular Biology at Edinburgh, she started her post-doctorate (also in Edinburgh) on pioneering hepatitis C virus (HCV) research and has made a major breakthrough in the discovery of a new genotype of the virus, its association with false negative blood donations and in the establishment of the current phylogenetic classification of the virus. Dr. Chan, as an author/co-author, has published more than 25 articles in various journals, having a noteworthy number of total citations, i.e. over 4,665.

Dr. Volker R.M. Daniel obtained his Doctor of Medicine degree (1981) from University of Giessen, Germany, and his Doctorate (honorary) (2003) from University of Pleven, Bulgaria. Since 2000, Dr. Daniel is Professor of Immunology at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. He is also Honorary Doctor at Medical University of Pleven, Bulgaria. He is a Member of Transplantation Society, International Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Society (advisor), German Association for Immunology, and New York Academy of Sciences. His skills and expertise lie in the subject areas of Flow Cytometry, Cytokines, T Lymphocytes, Autoantibodies, Lymphocytes, and CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes. Dr. Daniel, as an author/co-author, has published more than 205 articles in various journals, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. over 3,985.

Dr. Juan Carlos de la Torre, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. His laboratory pioneered the development of arenavirus reverse genetics, which has provided investigators with a novel and powerful approach for the investigation of arenavirus replication, gene expression, assembly, budding and virus-host cell factor interactions that determine the infection outcome. Dr. De La Torre, as an author/co-author, has published more than 205 articles in various journals, having a very noteworthy number of total citations, i.e. over 9,185.

Dr. Gaetano Donofrio currently works as Associate Professor in the Department of Veterinary Science at University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Dr. Donofrio obtained his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology (first year at Parma University - Department of Gene Expression Edinburgh) on a project regarding Ovine-Betalactoglobulin introns splicing and gene expression in mammary gland of transgenic mice. He got a permanent position as Researcher (Assistant Professor) at the Veterinary Medical School of Parma University. Dr. Donofrio, as an author/co-author, has published more than 105 articles in various journals, having a significant number of over 2,225 total citations.

Dr. Karim Essani obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. He is a Professor of Biological Sciences at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA, where he is interested in molecular virology and immunology. He joined Western Michigan University in 1989. Dr. Essani uses tanapoxvirus and frog virus 3 as model systems to answer fundamental biological questions. He is presently interested is developing tanapoxvirus as an oncolytic virus for the immuno-oncolytic virotherapy of cancer. He, as an author/co-author, has published more than 40 articles in various journals, having total number of citations of over 770.

Dr. Mark Alan Feitelson obtained his Ph.D. degree (1979) from the School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Since 2007, he is Professor of Biology, in the Department of Biology, at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Since the early 1980's, Dr. Feitelson has been interested in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and has uncovered critical steps whereby the HBV encoded X antigen contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and the development of HCC. He has also developed a program studying the relationship between the gut microbiome and various disease states. He has authored/co-authored over 130 article publications, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. more than 5,470.

Dr. Hiroyuki Gatanaga, M.D., Ph.D., currently works in the Department of Outpatient AIDS Clinical Center, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Gatanaga is also a Visiting Professor in the Center for AIDS Research at Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. His major research interest is in Biomedical Research. Dr. Gatanaga, as an author/co-author, has published more than 190 articles in various journals, having a significant number of over 3,295 total citations.

Dr. Philippe Georgel, Ph.D., is currently Professor (Full), in the Center for Immunology and Hematology Research, at University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA – INSERM UMR), Strasbourg, France. His skills and expertise mainly lie in the subject areas of Genetics, Microbiology, Inflammation, Immunology, RNA Interference, Signaling Pathways, Cytokines, Macrophage, Immune Response, microRNA, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Toll-Like Receptors, Interferon, and Host-Pathogen Interactions. Dr. Georgel, as an author/co-author, has published more than 65 articles in various journals, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. over 6,350.

Dr. Homayon Ghiasi, Ph.D., is the Professor and Director of Center of Neurobiology and Vaccine development at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. The research interest of Dr. Ghiasi concerns viral pathogenesis and immunology of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The specific areas of studies are the role of HSV-1 in herpes induced corneal scarring, vaccine development against ocular HSV-1 infection, and the role of viral infection and cytokines in CNS demyelination. His further activities/associations include the following: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1987, and American Society for Microbiology, 1985. Dr. Ghiasi, is an author/co-author, has published more than 120 articles in various journals, having a significant number of over 3,945 total citations.

Dr. Germain Gillet obtained his Ph.D. degree (1985) in Molecular pharmacology of serotonin receptors from Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. He currently works as Laboratory Head at the Cancer Cells Plasticity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, France. Dr. Gillet’s skills and expertise mainly lie in the subject areas of Cancer Biology, Cell Signaling, Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation, Signal Transduction, Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Cell Death, and Bcl-2. He, as an author/co-author, has published over 100 research items with over 1000 total citations.

Prof. David Harrich obtained his Ph.D. degree in Experimental Pathology from University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA, and he undertook postdoctoral training at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA. Prof. Harrich is Group Leader of HIV and Molecular Virology at QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane City, Australia, where he is a Senior Research Fellow. He has authored/co-authored over 70 papers (having a significant number of total citations, i.e. more than 2,590), and most of them involve the areas of HIV-1 molecular biology and virus replication.

Dr. Veijo Hukkanen is currently at the Department of Virology at University of Turku, Finland. Dr. Hukkanen has served as Professor of Virology at the University of Oulu and at the University of Turku. His research has involved herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency and pathogenesis, antiviral therapy and recombinant virus technology. His major area of expertise is Virology, especially herpesviruses, gene therapy vectors (HSV vectors) and viral immunology. Dr. Hukkanen has been the convener and co-chair of the International Herpesvirus meeting in 2005, and has served as a chairperson and SAB member in numerous international virology and gene therapy meetings.

Dr. Erich R. Mackow obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1984 from Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. He is a Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Dr. Mackow has made critical contributions to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, and his current studies are focused on understanding Zika, Dengue and Hantavirus regulation of endothelial cell responses that contribute to lethal vascular disease syndromes. Dr. Mackow, as an author/co-author, has published more than 100 articles in various journals, having a significant number of total citations, i.e. over 3,925.

Prof. Yashpal Singh Malik is serving as a Principal Scientist & ICAR-National Fellow at the premier Veterinary Institute of the country- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar India. Dr Malik has rich experience in veterinary and animal sciences with specialization in Microbiology and Biotechnology. His major research achievements include contributions in viral disease epidemiology, virus-host interactions, microbial biodiversity, characterization and diagnosis. Currently, he is working on development of new generation immunodiagnostics using synthetic and recombinant DNA technology. Prof Malik is recipient of several prestigious National, State and Academy level awards/honors. He has authored 5 books, 17 book chapters and 185 scientific research articles overall.